The organic membrane is a material having a selective separation function, and when there is a driving force on both sides of the membrane (such as a pressure difference, a concentration difference, a potential difference, etc.), the raw material component selectively permeates the membrane. Separation, classification, concentration and purification of different liquid or gas components can be achieved by selective separation of membranes. Since no morphological changes are required, membrane separation techniques are particularly suitable for separation processes without phase change and chemical change. Widely used in medicine, biology, food, petrochemical, energy, water treatment and other fields, resulting in huge economic and social benefits.

Membrane materials are the basis and core of membrane technology. The properties and chemical structure of membrane materials play a decisive role in membrane separation performance. There are many types of membranes according to different classification methods.

a. The pore size of the membrane

According to the size of the hi tech membrane pore size or the size of the retained particles, it can be divided into Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmotic (RO).

b. The material of the membrane

The material of the membrane determines the chemical properties of the membrane, which determines the main chemical properties such as hydrophilicity, anti-contamination, acid and alkali resistance, grease resistance, organic solvent resistance, high-temperature resistance and sunlight resistance.

It is stronger the hydrophilicity of the membrane, the higher the anti-contamination property; It is better the chemical stability of the membrane, the stronger the acid and alkali resistance and the stronger the oxidation resistance, the better the durability of the membrane.

Depending on the material of the membrane, the membrane can be divided into an inorganic membrane and an organic membrane.The organic membrane is made of high molecular materials are processed and compounded, such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, aromatic polyamide, cellulose acetate, and the like. The organic membrane has a wide range of selectivity, and can be selectively made into various membranes according to different uses, different properties, and different molecular cutting amounts, but when the raw materials have strong acid, alkali, strong corrosive, high temperature and high concentration organic pollution characteristics. At the time, the organic membrane is prone to corrosion and clogging of the membrane pores. The main features of the organic and inorganic membranes are compared as shown in the following table:

c. The configuration of the membrane

The configuration of the membrane is related to its manufacturing process, and is generally classified into a hollow fiber membrane, a flat membrane, a tubular membrane, and a spiral membrane.

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