Citrus Disease Treatment

1. Citrus Canker

Citrus canker is a citrus disease caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. While not harmful to humans, canker significantly affects the vitality of citrus trees, causing leaves and fruit to drop prematurely. A fruit infected with canker is safe to eat, but has reduced marketability as fresh fruit.

Symptoms:

Citrus canker causes lesions on citrus leaves, stems, and fruit. Characteristic lesions are raised and brown, have water-soaked margins, and usually have a yellow halo surrounding the lesion. Older lesions appear corky.

Solution

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2. Citrus Anthracnose

Anthracnose cause by Glomerella cingulata (stonem) Spauld. et Schrenk. This pathogen is a primary colonizer of injured and senescent tissue. The organism grows on dead wood in the canopy, and it spreads short distances by rain splash, heavy dew, and overhead irrigation.

Symptoms:

Leaf - common symptoms are a more or less circular, flat area, light tan in color with a prominent purple margin that at a later phase of infection will show the fruiting bodies of the fungus (tiny dispersed black flecks). Tissues injured by various environmental factors (such as mesophyll collapse or heavy infestations of spider mites) are more susceptible to anthracnose colonization.

Fruit - anthracnose usually only occurs on fruit that have been injured by other agents, such as sunburn, chemical burn, pest damage, bruising, or extended storage periods. The lesions are brown to black spots of 1.5 mm or greater diameter. The decay is usually firm and dry but if deep enough can soften the fruit. If kept under humid conditions, the spore masses are pink to salmon, but if kept dry, the spores appear brown to black. On ethylene degreened fruit, lesions are flat and silver in color with a leathery texture. On degreened fruit, much of the rind is affected. The lesions will eventually become brown to grey black leading to soft rot.

Solution

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3. Citrus Yellow Shoot

Citrus yellow shoot can be graft transmitted but transmission rates are variable because of irregular distribution of bacteria within the host plant. The most important method of disease spread occurs by the two species of psyllids that serve as vectors. Citrus yellow shoot is systemic and has an incubation period of three months to multiple years before symptoms are visible.

Symptoms:

Leaf - although symptoms differ according to citrus variety, common symptoms may be described. The most characteristic symptom of HLB is a blotchy mottle. This mottling is distinct from nutrient deficiency in that HLB induced mottling usually crosses the veins and is asymmetrically displayed on the leaf blade. Mottling is most frequently found on newly mature hardened-off leaves but fades with leaf age. The blotchy mottle will be visible on both sides of the leaf and have multiple hues of yellow and green.